المصادر:
نُشرت هذه الدراسة في مجلة المستقبل العربي العدد 540 في شباط/فبراير 2024.
علي بن موسى: طالب دراسات من معهد الدوحة للدراسات العليا.
[1] Wiesław Lizak, «Libya – Road to Dysfunctionality,» Politeja, vol. 15, no. 5 (2018), p. 23.
[2] Natasha Ezrow and Erica Frantz, «Revisiting the Concept of the Failed State: Bringing the State Back in,» Third World Quarterly, vol. 34, no. 8 (2013), p. 1323.
[3] Charles T. Call, «The Fallacy of the «Failed State»,» Third World Quarterly, vol. 29, no. 8 (2008), p. 1493.
[4] The National Security Strategy of the United States of America (Washington, DC: The White House, 2002), p.1, <https://rebrand.ly/1a9e3a>.
[5] Eghosa E. Osaghae, «Fragile States,» Development in Practice, vol. 17, nos. 4-5 (August 2007), pp. 691-692.
[6] Shahida Aman and Shagufta Aman, «Understanding «Failed States» and «State Failure»: Discourses and Limitations,» Pakistan Horizon, vol. 68, no. 2 (April 2015), pp. 97-98.
[7] Stein Sundstøl Eriksen, «“State Failure» in Theory and Practice : The Idea of the State and the Contradictions of State Formation,» Review of International Studies, vol. 37, no. 1 (January 2011), p. 230.
[8] Robert I. Rotberg, «The New Nature of Nature-state Failure,» The Washington Quarterly, vol. 25, no. 3 (Summer 2002), p. 87.
[9] I. William Zartman, Collapsed States the Disintegration and Restoration of Legitimate Authority (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner 1995), p. 6.
[10] Robert H. Jackson, «Surrogate Sovereignty? Great Power Responsibility and Failed States,» Working Paper, no. 25, Institute of International Relations, The University of British Colombia, November 1998, p.2.
[11] Stephen D. Krasner, «Sharing Sovereignty: New Institutions for Collapsed and Failing States,» International Security, vol. 29, no. 2 (Fall 2004), pp. 85-120.
[12] Lisa Anderson, «Antiquated before They Can Ossify States that Fail before they Form,» Journal of International Affairs, vol. 58, no. 1 (Fall 2004), p. 4.
[13] Roland Dannreuther, «War and Insecurity: Legacies of Northern and Southern State Formation,» Review of International Studies, vol. 33, no. 2 (April 2007), p. 316.
[14] Eriksen, ««State Failure» in Theory and Practice: The Idea of the State and the Contradictions of State Formation,» p. 240.
[15] Anderson, «Antiquated before They Can Ossify States that Fail before they Form,» p. 9.
[16] Eriksen, Ibid., p. 244.
[17] Shahida Aman and Shagufta Aman, «Understanding «Failed States» and «State Failure»: Discourses and Limitations,» Pakistan Horizon, vol. 68, no. 2 (April 2015), p. 96.
بدعمكم نستمر
إدعم مركز دراسات الوحدة العربية
ينتظر المركز من أصدقائه وقرائه ومحبِّيه في هذه المرحلة الوقوف إلى جانبه من خلال طلب منشوراته وتسديد ثمنها بالعملة الصعبة نقداً، أو حتى تقديم بعض التبرعات النقدية لتعزيز قدرته على الصمود والاستمرار في مسيرته العلمية والبحثية المستقلة والموضوعية والملتزمة بقضايا الأرض والإنسان في مختلف أرجاء الوطن العربي.



